NSCI
281 Final Exam Solution 100% Correct Answers
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NSCI 281 Final Exam Solution 100%
Correct Answers
This is a 40-question final
examination. Each question is worth 0.25 point.
1. Plasma
is ____ while formed elements are ____. a.
a blood gas; blood clots
b. the liquid
portion of blood; the cells
c. lacking
in protein; regulators of blood osmolality
d. the cellular
portion of blood; acellular components
e. mostly
protein; the matrix
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2. Which
of the following cell types is an immature red blood cell?
a. erythrocyteb. reticulocyte
c.
thrombocyte
d. monocyte
e.
leukocyte
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3. In the
platelet release reaction,
a. factor
XII is activated
b. ADP and
thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated
c.
activated platelets are connected by fibrinogen
d. prostaglandin
production is inhibited
e.
platelets convert to fibrin
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4. On
the diagram of RBC production, what does “A” represent?
a. increased blood oxygenb. decreased blood oxygen
c.
erythropoietin
d. kidney
e. red
bone marrow
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5. The
heart a. is a
four-chambered muscular pump
b. is posterior
to the trachea
c. is
lined with an epithelial layer called epicardium
d. lies mostly
to the right of the midline of the sternum
e. has a
superior apex and an inferior base
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6. Blood
in the superior vena cava will enter the _____. a. Aorta
b. right atrium
c.
pulmonary trunk
d. pulmonary
arteries
e.
pulmonary veins
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7. Which
of the following is mismatched?
a. opening of sodium fast channels – depolarizationb. closing of calcium slow channels – plateau phase
c. opening
of potassium channels – rapid repolarization
d. closure of
sodium channels – early repolarization
e. opening
of calcium slow channels – plateau phase
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8. Turbulence
of blood flow through the aortic valve would give rise to
a. the first heart soundb. the second heart sound
c. a heart
murmur
d. an extra
heart beat
e.
end-systolic volume
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9. Identify
structure “A” on the heart diagram.
a. left
atrium
b. aortic
semilunar valve
c.
bicuspid (mitral) valve
d. right atrium
e.
pulmonary semilunar valve
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10. Systemic blood
vessels transport blood
a. from the left ventricle through the body to the left atriumb. from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium
c. from
the right ventricle through the body to the left atrium
d. from the
right ventricle through the body to the right atrium
e. from
the left ventricle to the lungs
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11. Veins
a. carry blood away from the heartb. carry blood under very high pressure
c. may contain
valves and are lined with endothelium
d. are described
as strong, rigid vessels that always carry oxygenated blood
e. have
thick, many layered walls
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12. Veins that return
blood directly to the heart include the
a. brachiocephalic veinb. superior vena cava
c. portal
vein
d. azygos vein
e.
pulmonary arteries
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13. When the blood
pressure of a vessel drops below the critical closing pressure for that
vessel,
a. there is hypertensionb. there is an increase in blood flow
c. there
is an increase in peripheral resistance
d. the vessel
collapses
e. the
vessel expands
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14. The lymphatic system
differs from the cardiovascular system in that
a. the lymphatic system only carries fluid away from tissuesb. the lymphatic vessels have their own “pump” to assist flow
c. lymph
capillaries do not contain any fluid
d. lymph
capillaries allow free movement of fluid in and out of the capillaries
e. lymph
circulates fluids and cardiovascular does not
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15. The structure in the
thymus that prevents foreign substances from entering the thymus is the a.
thymic corpuscle barrier
b. blood-thymic
barrier
c. surface
membrane barrier
d. capsular
barrier
e. thymic
filter
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16. Adaptive immunity is
stimulated by
a. Antigensb. Histamines
c.
Antibodies
d. Complement
e. plasma
proteins
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17. What does “A”
represent on the diagram?
a. spleenb. thymus
c.
axillary lymph node
d. inguinal
lymph node
e. thoracic duct
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18. Ventilation refers to
the
a. movement of air into and out of the lungsb. gas exchange between the blood and the tissues
c.
transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
d. gas exchange
between the air in the lungs and the blood
e.
respiration at the cellular level
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19. Arrange the following
structures in the order air passes through them during inhalation:
1: alveolar ducts 2: alveolus 3: respiratory bronchiole 4: terminal bronchiole a. 1, 2, 3, 4b. 2, 1, 3, 4
c. 4, 3, 1, 2
d. 3, 2, 1, 4
e. 4, 3,
2, 1
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20. Most carbon dioxide is
transported in the blood a.
in the form of bicarbonate ions.
b. bound to
carbamino compounds.
c.
dissolved in the plasma.
d. by the
leukocytes.
e. in the
form of carbonic acid.
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a. Hering-Breuer
reflex
b. receptors for
touch, temperature, pain stimuli
c.
medullary chemoreceptors
d. carotid and
aortic body chemoreceptors
e. proprioceptors
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a.
cellular respiration
b. food
selection
c. elimination
of undigested food
d. regulation of
blood pH
e.
integration and coordination of other systems
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a.
secretes saliva
b. plays a major
role in swallowing
c.
contains a lot of connective and lymphatic tissues
d. is attached
to the hard palate
e.
functions in deglutition apnea
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a. muscularis –
two layers; both circular
b. rugae – folds
of mucosa and submucosa
c. mucosa
– gastric glands
d. gastric pits
– open onto surface of stomach mucosa
e. lining
– simple columnar epithelium
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a.
pancreatic juice from entering the duodenum
b. bile from
entering the duodenum
c. lymph
from entering the jejunum
d. chyme from
entering the ileum
e. chyme from
entering the large intestine
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a.
Secretions from the liver and pancreas enter this organ
b. Segmentation
contractions occur in this organ
c. Both
digestion and absorption occur in this organ
d. Mixing and
propulsion of chyme.
e. All of these
choices apply to the small intestine
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a.
microvilli
b. epithelial
cell
c.
capillary
d. lacteal
e. villus
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a. the
nutrients in foods
b. the body’s
utilization of nutrients
c. how
nutrients play a role in your body’s health
d. digestion,
absorption, and transportation of nutrients
e. All of these
choices are correct
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a. to
assist the body in temperature homeostasis
b. pads and
protects
c. energy
storage
d. insulates
e. All of these
choices are correct
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a. glucose
b. pyruvate
c. fat
d. ADP
e. ATP
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a. preventing
blood loss
b. white blood
cell production
c.
synthesis of vitamin E
d. excretion of
nitrogenous wastes (such as urea)
e.
production of the hormone aldosterone
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a.
glomerulus.
b. ascending
loop of Henle.
c. distal convoluted
tubule.
d. proximal
convoluted tubule.
e. descending loop of Henle.
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a. tubular
pressure
b. capsular pressure
c. colloid
osmotic pressure
d. glomerular
capillary pressure
e. None of these
choices is correct
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a.
proximal convoluted tubule.
b. loop of
Henle.
c. distal
convoluted tubule.
d. glomerulus.
e.
collecting duct.
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a. plasma
b. interstitial
compartment
c. intracellular
compartment
d. extracellular
compartment
e. lymph
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a.
baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to increase ADH secretion.
b. elevated
blood pressure stimulates renin secretion.
c. the
amount of angiotensin II formed is increased.
d. aldosterone
levels increase.
e. baroreceptors
signal the hypothalamus to decrease ADH secretion.
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a.
promotes the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract.
b. promotes
osteoclast activity in the bones.
c. reduces
calcium excretion by the kidneys.
d. reduces
extracellular calcium ion levels.
e.
increases blood calcium levels.
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a. allows
more room for other organs in the abdominal cavity.
b. keeps these
organs close to the penis.
c. provides a
temperature that is suitable for normal sperm development.
d. keeps them
isolated from the accessory glands of the system.
e. helps
to protect them.
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a. the granulosa
cells become corpus luteum cells.
b. estrogen
increases but progesterone decreases.
c. the
level of LH rises even more than before ovulation.
d. GnRH
receptors upregulate.
e. corpus
luteum degenerates.
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a. vagina
b. cervix
c. uterus
d. ovary
e. uterine
tube
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